How do earthworms contribute to nutrient cycling?

Earthworms play a significant role in nutrient cycling primarily by breaking down organic matter and aerating the soil. As earthworms consume organic material, such as decaying leaves and dead plant matter, they actively process it in their digestive systems, leading to the production of nutrient-rich castings. These castings are an important source of nutrients for plants and significantly enhance soil fertility.

Additionally, as earthworms burrow through the soil, they create channels that improve soil structure and aeration. This increased aeration benefits root systems and enhances water infiltration, which further promotes healthy plant growth. The combined effects of breaking down organic matter and improving soil conditions elucidate the essential contributions of earthworms to the overall nutrient cycling process within ecosystems.