What are Rhizobium bacteria primarily associated with?

Rhizobium bacteria are primarily associated with leguminous plants because they form a symbiotic relationship that benefits both the bacteria and the plants. In this relationship, Rhizobium bacteria reside in root nodules of leguminous plants, such as beans, peas, and lentils, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the plants can use as a nutrient. This process, known as nitrogen fixation, is crucial for enhancing soil fertility and supporting plant growth, especially in nitrogen-deficient soils.

Leguminous plants have evolved to effectively host these bacteria, providing a suitable environment for them to thrive in exchange for increased access to nitrogen, which is essential for plant health. This unique symbiosis plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture by reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and promoting nutrient cycling within ecosystems.