What do healthy soils depend on regarding nutrient cycling?

Healthy soils rely on balanced nutrient cycling and microbial activity because these elements are fundamental to the maintenance of soil health and fertility. Nutrient cycling is the process through which essential nutrients are made available to plants through various natural processes, including decomposition of organic matter, mineral weathering, and breakdown of nutrients by soil microorganisms.

Microbial activity plays a critical role in facilitating these processes. Microbes decompose organic material, releasing nutrients in forms that plants can absorb. They also form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake and improving soil structure. A balanced nutrient cycling ensures that there is a consistent supply of necessary nutrients in the right proportions, which is crucial for healthy plant growth and ecosystem resilience.

The other options do not support the concept of healthy soil in the same way. Solely relying on chemical applications can lead to nutrient imbalances and soil degradation over time. Continuous disturbance can disrupt soil structure and microbial communities, negatively impacting nutrient cycling. Finally, complete weed eradication can harm biodiversity and disrupt the natural processes that contribute to soil health, as many weeds can also serve beneficial roles in ecosystems. Thus, promoting balanced nutrient cycling and fostering microbial activity are essential for sustaining healthy soils.