What process do plants perform on inorganic nitrogen?

Plants perform an essential process known as nitrogen assimilation, in which they transform inorganic nitrogen, primarily in the form of nitrates (NO₃⁻) and ammonium ions (NH₄⁺), into organic forms such as amino acids and proteins. This transformation is crucial for plant growth and development, as it enables them to incorporate nitrogen into their biological molecules, which are necessary for various functions including enzyme activity and structural components.

The correct answer emphasizes the importance of converting inorganic nitrogen into a form that can be utilized by living organisms. Through processes such as nitrogen fixation, certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia, which plants can uptake. Once inside the plant, this inorganic nitrogen is integrated into organic compounds, supporting the synthesis of essential biomolecules.

This process is a critical part of the nitrogen cycle, enabling the flow of nitrogen through different ecosystems and supporting life. In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect how plants interact with inorganic nitrogen. Transmuting nitrogen into water, decomposing it, or storing it as gas are not processes that accurately describe the physiological functions of plants regarding nitrogen. These alternatives fail to capture the essential role of plants in incorporating nitrogen into organic matter.